Transport has always been an essential factor in
the socio-economic relationships allowing for moving goods and people.
Historically, the introduction of the steam engine rst and the internal
combustion engine later radically changed the technological framework in which
people and products move. It improved the speed of connection and changed
the andscape. Nevertheless, this new system changed the energy needs
shifting the demand from animal power to fossil fuels, such as coal for
railroad trains and boats, to an increasing penetration of oil products in the
entire transport sector. This thesis studies the modelling and assessment of
sustainability in transport policies.